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问答题(10分) (10分)中央集权制度作为古代中国政治制度的突出特色,对中国历

题型:综合题

题目:

问答题(10分)

(10分)中央集权制度作为古代中国政治制度的突出特色,对中国历史产生深远影响。中国统一多民族国家的形成与发展、国体与政体、官僚政治与行政管理,以至文化教育系统,无不与此有着密切的关系。回答下列问题:

(1)中央集权制度包含中央行政制度和地方行政制度两个系统。简述秦、唐、明、清四个朝代中央行政制度的演变情况。(4分)

(2)在地方行政制度中,秦朝和元朝对中国古代地方政治制度各有怎样的开创性贡献?(2分)

(3)对中央集权制度影响的评价在史学界有争论,主要可以概括为两种意见:

第一种意见认为:中央集权制度对社会发展所起的积极影响占支配地位。第二种意见则认为:中央集权制度对经济文化和社会的发展起了阻碍作用。

你同意哪一种意见?试以明清(鸦片战争前)的史实为例加以扼要阐述。(4分)(只能选择其中一种,两种都答按第一种给分)

答案:

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Which of the following most logically completes the argument
Virtually all respondents to a recent voter survey reported allegiance to one of the two major political parties. But over a third of the voters from each party reported being so disenchanted with the governing philosophies of both parties that they might join a third major party if one were formed. Even if this poll reflects general voter sentiment, however, there is no chance that a new party could attract a third of all voters, since______.

A.the current level of disenchantment with the governing philosophies of the two major parties is unprecedented

B.the disenchanted members of the two major parties are attracted to very different governing philosophies

C.most respondents overestimated the proportion of voters disenchanted with both parties, saving that the proportion was more than 50 percent

D.nearly half of all respondents reported that they would be more likely to cease voting altogether than to switch their party affiliation

E.(E) any new party would be likely to inspire citizens who have not voted before to join and to become regular voters

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