试题与答案

阅读材料,回答问题。 材料一:秦有天下,裂都会而为之郡邑,……(周的制度)非公之

题型:综合题

题目:

阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:秦有天下,裂都会而为之郡邑,……(周的制度)非公之大者也,私其力于己也,私其卫于子孙也。秦之所以革之者,其为制,公之大者也。

——柳宗元《封建论》

材料二:郡县之制,垂二千年而弗能改矣,合古今上下皆安之,势之所趋,岂非理而能然哉?……郡县者,非天子之利也,国祚(王朝统治时间)所以不长也;而为天下计,则害不如封建之滋也多矣。

——王夫之《读通鉴论·卷一》

材料三:封建、郡县之争至今告终,而统一、联邦之辩由今肇始,理或有同,势则相异。……

昔人论封建以君主一姓为本位,吾人今日论分权以国家政治为本位。前者君为主,后者民为主。……今人主张分权,则为制枭雄之摧倾共和。

——李大钊《省制与宪法》(1916年11月10日)

(引者注:材料三中“统一”,作者是指在统一前提下,侧重中央集权。“联邦”,指在统一前提下,侧重地方分权。)

材料四:不管人们是否承认,五十多年来中日关系几乎是中美关系的附属品。因此,中美推迟乃至消除长期战略冲突的产生,将极大地有助于中日关系的改善。从这个意义上说,中日双边关系改善和破解美日战略联盟,是一体两面;只要两个过程均运作得法,届时可能会产生相互效应,从而达到柳暗花明的效果。                       

——邱震海《国际先驱导报》(2005)

(1)扼要解释材料一中“封建”的含义(1分)。结合秦朝郡县制的相关史实,论证柳宗元“其为制,公之大者也”的观点(4分)。

(2)根据材料二,概括王夫之对郡县制的认识。(6分)

(3)结合材料三和所学知识,分析李大钊所说“封建、郡县之争至今告终,而统一、联邦之辩由今肇始”这一现象出现的时代背景。(6分)

(4)根据材料四概括作者的观点。结合二战后中、美、日的外交史实,对此观点进行论证。(7分)

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