试题与答案

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。(25分) “画痴”张守义 张守义先生刚刚去世了。回忆

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。(25分)

“画痴”张守义

张守义先生刚刚去世了。回忆起他的桩桩往事,不禁欷歔。

他是大名鼎鼎的书籍装帧家,也被同行称为“画痴”。在创作构思时,他往往如醉如痴,一张张草图或墨稿瞬间即能铺天盖地:柜上贴着,墙上挂着,桌上摆着,地上摊着……他手里捏着笔,站在纸里端详着,一会儿踮着脚往墙上的稿子上添上一盏街灯,一会儿又蹲下身子,将地上草图上的两株树抹去……这时候,要有同事来问他什么事儿,他往往神不守舍的敷衍两句,过后,一准儿忘得一干二净。他平时的精神状态是病弱、迟钝、疲惫的,然而,若和他谈起装帧艺术的创作规律,他很快会振作起来。

张守义先后为冰心、艾青、刘白羽等人设计了一批出色的封面,受到文学界、装帧界的广泛好评。在设计《春天的竖琴》封面时,张守义翻阅了积累的桂林风光速写,有了新的立意。在封面正中,以大胆破格的寥寥几笔画出了亭亭玉立的山峰和水中清晰的倒影,使人眼前浮现出挺秀的竖琴造型,还让人仿佛听到了江水荡漾的声音。为了这件约稿,著名老诗人晏明登门造访,上下五楼有好几次了,这回见到了效果图,十分喜悦。不过他总是觉得封面的颜色太淡,美中不足。于是和张守义商量:是否改得浓一点、红一点?张守义出于色调比对的需要,没同意作者的意见,却答应再推敲一下。过了几天,张守义拿出有着12个不同色调小太阳的构图请作者审看并任选一种,老诗人被感动了。

设计罗马尼亚名著《什特凡大公》封面时,张守义想用什么来表现什特凡大公的权势呢,可想了几天也没想出来。有一天到印刷厂看样,他顺手把提包和帽子放在地上,一位师傅马上捡起帽子,掸掸土说:“老张,你对帽子太不仗义了……”这件小事使他醒悟到:帽子不仅暗示人的身份,也象征了人的尊严,那么,对于大公呢?在坐车回家的路上,公共汽车抛了锚,可他的思绪一直没间断。在他和乘客们下来推车的时候,他眼前忽然一亮:皇帝的金冠、皇后的凤冠都很重,为什么他们都顶在头上呢?从古至今帽子都是有象征性的。哎!就用皇冠“特写”来象征什特凡大公的权势。这时汽车打着了火,乘客们一拥而上,车开动了。车上的小青年见他还若有所思地站在原处,都笑了。

怎样使外国文学书籍封面上的人物形象神态各异而不雷同呢?张守义想,要细致入微地描绘每个人的一颦一笑,最好是面对面地反复观察。一次,他受邀参加一个专业会议,住在一家外宾很多的饭店。他发现电梯间里各种各样的外国人很多。这不是观察人像的最好机会吗?他从一楼驾云似的上升到了最高层,又从最高层飘然而下……回到客房,他那速写笔飞快地在本子上跳动着,默默记下了一个个生动的形象。

前不久,张守义拿出一件封面给我看,只见淡雅的构图之中,亦藏亦露地布满了俏丽的花卉,那结构,形态新颖极了。一问,才知是一丛干枯的野花经他复印处理后,才成为这样的画面。“我这是偶然得之。”原来,一次他去外地讲课,分别晚会上,他那略带嘶哑的高亢的陕北信天游和深沉的日本八木小调,激起了大家热烈的掌声。最后,他压轴的一曲《路边的野花不要采》将晚会推向高潮。次日,几位女士从山上采集了一丛野花送给了这位大家喜欢的老师。

小题1:下列关于文章内容的分析与概括,不正确的两项是(5分)

A.文章第二段很巧妙地运用了对比手法来刻画传主的形象,如他在创作构思时的如醉如痴与神速和他平时病弱、迟钝、疲惫的精神状态形成了鲜明的对比。

B.设计《春天的竖琴》封面时,张守义不同意老诗人晏明的修改意见,这反映出他性格中固执的一面。

C.文章列举了几件小事来表现传主的形象,如他坐公交车时还在思考设计,在电梯里观察外国人的举止神情,这种以小见大的写法更能反映人物特点。

D.文末作者又举了张守义唱歌这一事例,这说明张守义不光是痴迷于装帧,还多才多艺,受人欢迎。E.“我这是偶然得之”一句话既解释了张守义封面构思的来源,也表明了灵感在艺术创作中的重要性。

小题2:文章第二段说“他是大名鼎鼎的书籍装帧家,也被同行称为‘画痴’”,有何作用?(6分)

小题3:文章主要写了张守义的几件“痴”事?请列举出来。(6分)

小题4:文章是如何表现张守义的“痴”的?请结合文本,谈谈这对你的写作有何启发。(8分)

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

9.9546≈10.0(精确到十分位);9.9546≈9.95(保留两位小数);故答案为:10.0,9.95.

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题型:阅读理解

The United States became a rich industrial nation toward the end of 1800s. There were more goods, more services, more jobs, and a higher standard of living. There was more of everything, including problems. One problem was monopoly, that is, to be the only seller of a certain line of products or a service. In some cases, several companies that manufactured the same product would agree not to compete with one another. They would all agree to charge the same price. These arrangements made it impossible for customers to shop around for lower prices for certain products.

Some people decided that huge corporations had too much power and controlled too many markets. Because of their wealth and power, they could see to it that governments passed laws favorable to them. Many people believed that monopoly and price fixing were bad for customers and bad for the country so that they should be broken up.

Finally the national government and some states passed laws that placed limits on corporations and big companies. These laws made it illegal for companies to make agreements to charge only a certain price. Later on the national government forced monopoly to be broken up.

Such laws and government action didn’t entirely do away with monopolies. Nor did they stop the growth of huge corporations. But they did show that American people had decided that some of the changes that had occurred were harmful. (from www.nmet168.com)

1. The underlined word “monopoly” in the first paragraph most probably means ________.

A. the production of certain kinds of goods  B. complete control and possession of trade

C. a big corporation of company            D. an agreement on prices

2. Because of the agreements between big companies ________.

A. people had to buy things at certain shops  B. the prices of their goods were much lower

C. customers had no choice but to buy      D. there were fewer markets in some states

3. According to the laws, companies ________.

A. were not allowed to control the markets

B. could not force the customers to buy their products

C. should have fixed prices for their products

D. must produce the same kind of goods for the same markets

4. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

A. Big companies could not influence the government.

B. A large number of markets were controlled by big companies.

C. Many Americans were worried about the changes in their country.

D. Some of the laws were in favor of customers.

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