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When most of us hear the word chocolate, the verb that comes to mind is probably “eat”, not “drink”, and the most proper adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was strictly a beverage (饮料), and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it.

The Origin of Chocolate

Many modern historians have estimated that chocolate has been around for about 2000 years, but recent research suggests that it may be even older.

In the book The True History of Chocolate, authors Sophie and Michael Coe prove that the earliest linguistic (语言学的) evidence of chocolate consumption dates back three or even four thousand years.

Valuable and Fashionable Chocolate Beverage

It’s hard to discover exactly when chocolate was born, but it’s clear that it was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered valuable enough to use as currency. 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 16th-century Aztec document.

Sweetened chocolate didn’t appear until Europeans discovered the Americas and sampled (品尝) the native cuisine. Chocolate didn’t suit the foreigners’ taste at first — one described it in his writings as “a bitter drink for pigs” — but once mixed with honey or cane sugar, it quickly became popular throughout Spain. By the 17th century, chocolate was a fashionable drink throughout Europe, believed to have nutritious, medicinal functions. But it remained largely a privilege of the rich until the invention of the steam engine made mass production possible in the late 1700s.

The Birth of Solid Chocolate

In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to make powdered chocolate. His product became known as “Dutch cocoa”, and it soon led to the creation of solid chocolate. In 1847, Joseph Fry created the first modern chocolate bar. By 1868, a little company called Cadbury was marketing boxes of chocolate candies in England. Milk chocolate hit the market a few years later.

Prosperous Chocolate Industry

In America, chocolate was so valued during the Revolutionary War that it was used instead of wages. Even now, statistics show that the humble cacao bean is still a powerful economic force. Chocolate manufacturing is a more than 4-billion-dollar industry in the United States, and the average American eats at least half a pound of the stuff per month.

小题1:The earliest chocolate was most probably _________.

A．a dish

B．a drink

C．a bar

D．a candy小题2: It can be inferred from the passage that ________________.

A．the history of chocolate is at most 4,000 years.

B．people around the world could buy things with chocolate.

C．chocolate was well paid attention to since it was born.

D．an American at least eats a pound of chocolate per month.小题3:Why did chocolate suit the Spanish’s taste so quickly? _________

A．Because chocolate was so tasty and bitter.

B．Because chocolate was believed to be a source of nutrition.

C．Because chocolate was sweetened with honey or cane sugar.

D．Because chocolate became a fashionable beverage.小题4:Which one shows the correct order according to the time of their appearing? _________

A．chocolate beverage----chocolate bar----chocolate candies----milk chocolate

B．chocolate bar----chocolate beverage----chocolate candies----milk chocolate

C．chocolate bar ----chocolate candies ----milk chocolate ---- chocolate beverage

D．chocolate beverage ----chocolate candies----chocolate bar---- milk chocolate

阅读《绿色建筑》，完成问题。

　　①2011年3月5日，国务院 * * 温 * * 在今年“两会”上作的政府工作报告中提出，要加大既有建筑节能改造投入，积极推进新建建筑节能，大力发展循环经济。该报告让我们看到了绿色建筑在未来5年发展的广阔前景和商机。所谓“绿色建筑”的“绿色”，并不是指一般意义的立体绿化、屋顶花园，而是代表一种概念或象征，指建筑对环境无害，能充分利用环境自然资源，并且在不破坏环境基本生态平衡条件下建造的一种建筑。

　　②绿色建筑首先要求采用节能能源。充分利用太阳能，采用节能的建筑围护结构，减少采暖和空调的使用。根据自然通风的原理设置风冷系统，使建筑能够有效地利用夏季的主导风向。建筑采用适应当地气候条件的平面形式及总体布局。绿色建筑还要求节约资源。在建筑设计、建造和建筑材料的选择中，均考虑资源的合理使用和处置。要减少资源的使用，力求使资源可再生利用。节约水资源，包括绿化的节约用水。回归自然也是绿色建筑的基本要求。绿色建筑外部要强调与周边环境相融合，和谐一致、动静互补，做到保护自然生态环境。

　　③目前各具特色的绿色住宅产品已经进入市场，使得人们对绿色建筑的追求越来越强烈。一般说来，人们对于绿色建筑的需求与所在城市的发达程度成正比。但调查发现，生活在不同气候条件下的消费者，在绿色方面也有不同程度的需求。南方地区，气候炎热潮湿，西晒问题明显，而且阴霾天的比重逐年加大。这些地域性的因素也使得地处南方的人们对于绿色居住的需求更加迫切。

　　④绿色建筑是一个广泛的概念，绿色并不意味着高成本。比如，一家公司援助的一项建筑节能改造项目，政府给每户出3000元钱，住户自己出2000元钱，公司援助2000元，总共一户投资7000元钱，对建筑进行了从外保温到供热、智能、玻璃、门、天花板和水循环系统的全面改造。改造后，住户一年所减少的开支就达到3000元以上。即使7000元完全由住户自己投入，3年内就可以收回成本。可见，广大居民的投资回报率是很高的。（据有关资料整理）

1、结合第③段划线句子的内容，说出“生活在不同气候条件下的消费者”这些字不能删去的两条理由。

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2、阅读第④段，这一段所举的例子说明了什么？

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3、阅读下面材料，根据文章相关内容，判断材料中所说的小区是否为绿色建筑，并说明理由。

　　住在某小区的A女士：“这个小区可不错，背靠青山，小河环绕，鲜花绿草，喷泉水池，自然美观，环境宜人。另外，我们的生活没有污染，电磁炉、空调、热水器等电器齐全，方便干净。更主要的是，我们的生活用水好，是就地取材的地下水，没有水碱，跟矿泉水一样，可以随便用。我们这儿可真是绿色小区！”

　　同住这个小区里的一位老人闲聊时说：“这里有山有水，有花有草，空气新鲜，在这里住着，还真是挺好。可是也有点遗憾，这小区建好了以后，附近的河水不如以前干净了，有些小鱼我再也钓不着了。”

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室间隔缺损出现艾森曼格综合征时，肺动脉主干增粗，肺外血管影少。()

剪切的目的是将板料切成具有（）。