试题与答案

阅读材料,回答问题。(12分) 材料从对外关系上说,隋唐宋元都居于主动地位,明清

题型:改错题

题目:

阅读材料,回答问题。(12分)

材料 从对外关系上说,隋唐宋元都居于主动地位,明清时期的对外关系显然逆转了……倭寇沿海骚扰,为南方各地带来了极大的破坏。明清之际,西方资本主义正在兴起,而中国的……专制者对于世界形势一无所知。葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰等国家,在16世纪初已经东来进行殖民活动,并侵占中国领土。此后,沙俄英美继来。对中国的野心日益扩大……

——白寿彝《中国通史纲要》  

请结合所学相关知识回答:

(1)造成清朝初期的对外关系“逆转”的主要原因是什么?(3分)

(2)“倭寇”指什么人?(2分)平息东南沿海倭患的明代著名民族英雄是谁?(2分)

(3)“对于世界形势一无所知”给国家安全带来了严重的危机。请举出两例在清朝初期,面对西方国家“侵占中国领土”,中国在反侵略斗争中取得胜利的史实。(6分)。

(4)反思明清时期对外关系逆转带来的巨大变化,你得到了什么启示?(3分)

答案:

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题型:改错题

阅读材料,回答问题:(12分)

材料一:“如果房屋倒塌,压死了房主的儿子,建造这所房屋的人得拿自己的儿子抵命。”

材料二:“‘国王’应极力使吠舍与首陀罗执行自己的劳动,因为他们逃避自己的义务时,则使整个世界动摇。”

材料三:西周初年周天子采取了一系列制度用以维护统治,是当时世界上最大的国家;但西周后期,政局混乱,王室势力日益衰弱。

材料四:古希腊历史学家希罗多德说过:“尼罗河是上天赐予埃及的赠礼。”尼罗河与古代埃及文明息息相关。

(1)材料一应出自哪部法律?它是由哪一个国家的国王颁布的?这部法典在世界文明发展史上具有怎样的地位?(4分)

(2)材料二反映了什么制度?依据材料,由高到低排列出上述四个阶层的社会等级?(4分)

(3)材料三反映了西周初期采取哪两种制度来巩固统治、维持秩序?(2分)

(4)试用史实说明尼罗河与古代埃及文明息息相关?(2分)

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题型:阅读理解

Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes (工业园区)for the recycling of wastes within fifteen years. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.

The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants (居民) and discover exactly what raw materials go into and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste was built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead (铅) and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.

Another new project is being set up to discover the best way of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is completed, the rubbish will be processed  like this: First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.

The first full-scale (完全的) giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.

64. The underlined phrase “be well on with…” (Para. 1) most probably means _______.

A. have completed what was started      B. get ready to start

C. put an end to                               D. have achieved a great deal in

65. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph three?

A. Sharpening metal bars.            B. Sorting out small pieces of metal.

C. Breaking up whatever is breakable.   D. Separating lightest elements from the heavy ones.

66. What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?

A. To get raw materials locally.             B. To deal with wastes in a better way.

C. To get iron and steel from those plants.     D. To protect the environment from pollution.

67. The first full-scale huge recycling plants ______.

A. will be built fifteen years later      

B. began to operate fifteen years ago

C. will probably be in operation in fifteen years

D. will probably take less than fifteen years to build

68. The passage is mainly about _______. 

A. a cheap way to get energy       B. the location of recycling plants 

C. new ways of recycling          D. the probability of city environment

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