英汉互译。 1. myfriend _____________ 2. adres

明代藏传佛教（喇嘛教）（）势力兴起，成为以后西藏社会占统治地位的教派。

在如图所示的匀强电场和匀强磁场共存的区域内，电子（不计重力）可能沿水平方向向右作直线运动的是[ ]

A．

B．

C．

D．

Susan Sontag (1933----2004) was one of the most noticeable figures in the world of literature. For more than 40 years she made it morally necessary to know everything---to read every book worth reading, to see every movie worth seeing. When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as Partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American culture life, trying hard to follow every new development in literature, film and art. With great effort and serious judgment, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.

Seriousness was one of Sontag’s lifelong watchwords(格言),but at a time when the barriers between the well-educated and the poor-educated were obvious, she argued for a true openness to the pleasure of pop culture. In Notes on Camp, the 1964 essay that first made her name, she explained what was then a little-known set of difficult understandings, through which she could not have been more famous. “Notes on Camp”, she wrote, represents “ a victory of ‘form’ over ‘content’, ‘beauty’ over ‘morals’”.

By conviction（信念）she was a sensualist, but by nature she was a moralist, and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s , it was the latter side of her that came forward. In Illness as Metaphor —published in 1978, after she suffered cancer—she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of repressed personalities, a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease. In fact, re-examining old positions was her lifelong habit.

In America, her story of a19thcentury Polish actress who set up a perfect society in California, won the National Book Award in 2000.But it was as a all-purpose cultural view that she made her lasting fame. “Sometimes,” she once said, “I feel that, in the end, all I am really defending …is the idea of seriousness, of true seriousness.” And in the end, she made us take it seriously too.

小题1:The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means Sontag_________.

A．was a symbol of American cultural life

B．developed world literature, film and art

C．published many essays about world culture

D．kept pace with the newest development of world culture小题2:She first won her name through ___________.

A．her story of a Polish actress

B．her book Illness as Metaphor

C．publishing essays in magazines like partisan Review

D．her explanation of a set of difficult understandings小题3:According to the passage, Susan Sontag__________.

A．was a sensualist as well as a moralist

B．looked down upon the pop culture

C．thought content was more important than form

D．blamed the victim of cancer for being repressed小题4:As for Susan Sontag’s lifelong habit, she __________.

A．misunderstood the idea of seriousness

B．re-examined old positions

C．argued for an openness to pop culture

D．preferred morals to beauty小题5:Why Susan Sontag won her lasting fame was because of___________-.

A．her point which was suitable for common cultural view

B．her lifelong watchword：seriousness

C．her publishing books on morals

D．her enjoying books worth reading and movies worth seeing

读下图，完成下列要求。

（1）图中①地区荒漠化的自然原因是：_____________________________________________；人为原因

    是：_____________________________________________。

（2）图中①地区绿洲退化严重，对这一现象形成的原因，下列推测成立的是（多选）[ ]

    A、人口增长迅速

    B、气候变暖，蒸发量增大

    C、为争取区域内粮食自给，大力开荒种粮

    D、耕作技术落后，灌溉措施不当，出现次生盐渍化

    E、水资源污染严重

（3）图中②地区荒漠化的人为因素是什么？简要回答合理利用该处土地资源的措施。

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

（4）请简述防治西北地区荒漠化的具体措施。 

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

（5）请简述防治西北地区荒漠化，要合理利用水资源的具体措施。

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

（6）我国对西北生态建没和荒漠化防治，先后实施了“_________”防护林体系建设、_____________、

    退耕还林还草、防沙治沙等多项生态环境治理工程。

（7）__________是西北地区最为显著的自然特征，并由此形成了以草原、__________为主的景观特色。

（8）导致土地退化的不合理的人类活动主要有哪些？ 

    _________________________________________________________________________________________

某柱基础、作用在设计地面处的柱荷载设计值、基础尺寸、埋深及地基条件如题图所示。

如果软弱层顶面附加压力为35kN/m²，则软弱层顶面处压力与( )项值接近。

A．83.4kN/m²
B．96.7kN/m²
C．105.7kN/m²
D．114.9kN/m²