将一个直径是10厘米的纸圆对折，用剪刀剪成两个半圆，求一个半圆周长的算式是（ ）

下列疾病中不引起急性肾衰竭的是（）

A.良性肾小动脉硬化症

B.大面积烧伤

C.恶性高血压

D.黑尿热

E.肾小动脉胆固醇结晶栓塞

（18分）阅读材料，结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一  1851年，英国伦敦举办第一届世博会，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技。此后，西方各国为促进商品生产和贸易发展，纷纷举办大型博览会。

材料二  从1876年到1984年，这108年的时间，美国举办过14届世博会，14届世博会其实就是完成了整个国家的现代化建设。其中，1933年，芝加哥举办了世博会。

材料三  1958年，张闻天向中央写报告申请1959年上海办世博。张闻天的建议在当时石沉大海，没有结果。而在2010年，上海即将举办第四十一届世博会，这是中国比较大步与大度地走向世界与邀请世界走向我们。上海世博会的中国馆以古代中国帝王的王冠为造型，其展示的内容将帮助参观者短时间内遍览中国五千年的历史，了解中国主流文化的深厚内涵。                                                  

——以上均根据《凤凰网》整理

问题：

（1）结合所学知识，指出1851年英国举办世博会的社会背景。（4分）

（2）结合所学知识，指出1933年芝加哥举办世博会的经济环境。针对这一背景，美国政府采取了什么措施？这一措施对战后主要资本主义国家经济的发展有何影响？（6分）

（3）据材料并结合所学知识分析，为什么张闻天的建议在当时没有结果，而举办世博会的愿望能在2010年实现？（ 8分）

Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity（逆境）. But it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage（勇气）to try.

J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6. Her good friend-Sean became the first person to encourage her and help her build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.

“He was the first person with whom I really discussed my serious ambition（志向） to be a writer. He was also the only person who thought I was bound to（注定）be a success at it, which meant much more to me than I ever told him at the time.”

Though there were many difficulties, Rowling continued her writing, particularly fantasy stories. But it wasn't until l990 that she first came up with the idea about Harry Potter. As she recalls（回忆）, it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that “the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into my head. To my great disappointment, I didn't have a pen with me, and I was too shy to ask anybody if I could borrow one. I think, now, that this was probably a good thing, because I simply sat and thought, for four (delayed train) hours, and all the details came up in my brain, and this thin, black-haired, bespectacled（戴眼镜的）boy who didn't know he was a wizard became more and more real to me.”

That same year, her mother died after a ten-year fight with serious diseases, which deeply affected her writing. She went on to marry and had a daughter, but separated from her husband shortly afterwards.

During this time, Rowling was diagnosed with depression（诊断患有抑郁症）. Unemployed, she finished her first novel in area cafes, where she could get her daughter to fall asleep. After being refused by l2 publishing houses, the first Harry Potter novel was sold to a small British publishing house.

Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history. And it all began with her friend’s encouragement as well as her ambition to write.

小题1: Who believed J. K. Rowling was to be a good writer?

A．Her friend Sean.

B．Her mother.

C．Her daughter.

D．Her husband.小题2:Rowling first came up with the idea about Harry Potter________.

A．at the age of 6

B．on a train journey

C．after her mother's death

D．in her secondary school小题3: She felt disappointed on the train because_________.

A．her train was delayed for four hours

B．she didn't have a pen with her

C．her mind suddenly went blank

D．no one would offer her help小题4: It can be concluded from Paragraph 5 and 6 that Rowling is_________.

A．open-minded

B．warm-hearted

C．good-natured

D．strong-willed小题5: The text mainly tells us_________.

A．adversity makes a good novelist

B．the courage to try is a special ability

C．you can have a wonderful idea everywhere

D．encouragement helps one succeed

快递网络分为实物传递网络和（）。

A、快递运营网络

B、快递计算机网络

C、快递信息网络

D、快递统计网络

熔断器并联于电路中，当过载或短路电流通过熔体时，熔体自身将发热而熔断，从而对电力系统、各种电工设备及家用电器起到保护作用。