向东走3米记作+3米，那么－4米表示

完全由膜固有电学性质决定而非离子通道激活所引起的电活动是

A．动作电位

B．局部反应

C．终板电位

D．电紧张电位

人口抚养系数就是指非劳动力人口数量与劳动力人口数量之间的比率。总抚养系数=（老龄人口+儿童人口）/劳动力人口=老人抚养系数+少儿抚养系数，用百分比表示。抚养系数越大，表明劳动力平均承担的抚养人数就越多，劳动力的抚养负担就越重。读我国人口抚养系数变化图（含预测），完成下列各题。

小题1:有关我国人口抚养系数的说法，正确的是

A．上世纪80年代，过高的少儿抚养系数正在拖累和影响现在（2014年）的经济增长

B．2010年之后，老人抚养系数加快上升，预示社会养老压力加大

C．图中我国少儿抚养系数持续下降，老人抚养系数不断上升，但总抚养系数基本持平

D．预测到2050年，老人抚养系数大约高出少儿抚养系数17%小题2:考虑到我国人口年龄结构的变化，人社部延迟退休政策正在深入研究中，如果从地区差异进行划分，下列省市可能最早实施延迟退休政策的是

A．甘肃

B．上海

C．湖北

D．黑龙江小题3:2013年11月，党的十八届三中全会决定启动“单独二胎”政策，即实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策，该政策的实施可能会

A．加剧老龄化趋势

B．人口增长模式发生较大的转变

C．劳动力优势在2020年会在现

D．少儿比重有所增加，短期内总抚养系数加大

Is there a nationwide shortage of nurses? It’s hard to say．However, some characteristic symptoms often indicate that there is indeed a shortage．

One symptom is the vacancy rate, or the percentage of budgeted positions that are unfilled．New England’s hospitals currently report that an average of 7 to 12 percent of their registered nurse positions are vacant, the highest level since the last shortage in the late 1980s．Vermont has a relatively low vacancy rate, at 7．8 percent．But its vacancies were at 1．2 percent just five years ago．

Another symptom is the increased use of stopgap measures to fill empty positions．For instance, many nurses report an upswing in how frequently they are asked to stay past their shifts．According to Murphy, working in the St．Elizabeth’s Hospital, “The shortage has definitely created a lot of opportunities of overtime for our nurses, whether they want them or not．” Similarly, a national survey of registered nurses shows that in an average week, nurses in the U．S．work 2．4 more hours than they are scheduled to．Much of this extra time is voluntary, as nurses earn overtime pay when they stay to fill in blanks in the schedule．

When they can’t fill open positions by more traditional means, health care providers hire temporary staff to tide them over．Travelling workers are the largest part of the temporary health care workforce, hired for thirteen-week reduction at health care facilities facing short-term lack of workers．Temporary workers, mainly nurses, cost hospitals $ 7．2 billion in 2000．

“Any successful solution to the shortage depends on convincing more people to become nurses, and that is not an easy goal to reach．To achieve it,” says Buerhaus, “society needs to place more value on nursing．Legislation （法规） can’t do that – it should come from people．” And if this continues, we might have to learn to care for ourselves in the hospital．

小题1:The temporary staff hired by a hospital _______．

A．cost a large part of the hospital’s budget

B．meet the need for nurses in the hospital for a short time

C．should work on a weekly basis and on a scheduled timetable

D．ought to work passively for thirty continuous weeks小题2:According to Buerhaus, what is a successful solution to the nurse shortage?

A．To convince people of the benefits of being a nurse．

B．To ask the government for help to work out specific legislation．

C．To publicize the past achievements of nurses．

D．To make people aware of the importance of being a nurse．小题3:What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word “upswing” in Paragraph 3?

A．Symptom

B．Decrease

C．Increase

D．Figure小题4:What’s the author’s attitude towards nurse shortage?

A．Worried

B．Indifferent

C．Doubtful

D．Optimistic

下列ChiariⅠ型畸形的描述中，哪项是错误的（）

A.小脑扁桃体由枕大孔下疝超过5mm

B.枕大池变小

C.脑积水

D.颈髓合并有脊髓空洞

E.第四脑室拉长变形

当材料吸水饱和时，其含水率称为吸水率，下列材料中属于吸水率低的是( )。

A．细微而连通孔隙的材料

B．连通孔隙的材料

C．封闭孔隙的材料

D．粗大孔隙的材料

E．粗大而连通孔隙的材料