《计算机软件保护条例》所称的计算机软件是指（）。 A．计算机程序及其有关文档 B．计

阅读下列材料：

材料一　

材料二　据《天工开物》的记载……十四、十五世纪前后的湖广地区已成为天下的谷仓，故有“湖广熟、天下足”这一谚语的出现。……粮食生产以外，也有为满足衣着生产的棉、麻、苎等，还有染料蓝靛、红花等以及其他手工业的生产原料。

——傅衣凌《明清社会经济变迁论》

材料三　清朝奉行率天下农民竭力耕耘……使人力无遗而地力殆尽的政策，多次颁令实行矿禁，并用“处处皆关、则关关有税”限制商业活动。对客商资本稍多者又行“劝借”，稍有不从，“轻则痛行笞责，重则连船拆毁”……最终“多致卖船弃业”。

请回答：

(1)根据材料一，指出唐朝商业发展的特点及基础。(8分)

(2)从材料二看，明清时期农业经济高度发展，结合所学知识，指出这一发展直接引发了哪些变化。(6分)

(3)材料三表明清政府采取的经济政策是什么？综合材料说明，这种政策对中国社会发展会产生怎样的影响？(6分)

I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary——combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a cuddle(拥抱). There are trips out and birthday parties too.

The advantages are enormous for everyone concerned. The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention, and respond well because someone has time for them. They see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. They are more active and more interested in life when the children are around and they take more interest in their appearance too.

Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for aging relations, families that have moved away, and smaller flats with no room for grandparents. But the result is the same——increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. And more old people who are lonely and feel useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies.

That’s why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful attempts all over the world. Using young people to teach IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Using old people as volunteer assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention.

小题1:A nursery school is a place where _______.

A．future nurses are trained

B．the elderly live

C．children are taken care of

D．the old join in activities小题2:Which is true according to the passage?

A．A number of assistants are employed to take care of the children.

B．The new concept benefits both the elderly and the children.

C．The children become stronger after getting more individual attention.

D．The children learn that sick people will die.小题3:What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?

A．The reason why the old and the young are separated.

B．The support children need.

C．One reason why children don’t live with their grandparents.

D．The problem that the old and the young are separated.小题4:What does the “intergenerational programmes” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．Combining elderly homes with nursery schools.

B．Letting the children and the residents eat together.

C．Asking young people to teach IT skills to older people.

D．Using old people as volunteer assistants in schools.小题5: What is the best title for the passage?

A．Old people’s Homes in France

B．Building Bridges of Life

C．A Solution to the Elderly Problem

D．Children’s New Happy Life

技术发展的直接动力是技术目的和技术手段的矛盾。( )

阶级

更换轨道电路的各种绝缘，属于信号工区要求工务配合的项目。