自力式调压阀的指挥器()的设备，它发出调节信号的大小，由调节手轮改变弹簧对挡板的压力

下面是天津、上海、北京、重庆四城市某日的天气预报。已知四城市有三种天气情况，天津，北京的天气相同，上海和重庆当天都没有雨，那么，以下判断不正确的是( )

A．天津小雨

B．上海多云

C．北京晴天

D．重庆晴天

婴儿4天，于生后第2天出现黄疸，体查：皮肤黄染，精神好，哭声大，血清胆红素150μmol/L，该患儿可诊断为（）。

A.生理性黄疸

B.新生儿败血症

C.新生儿肝炎

D.新生儿溶血症

E.新生儿胆道闭锁

（1） 如下图所示，是小丽同学在实验中所测量的数据，现请你填写测量结果：

甲图中这段铅笔的长度应是_______cm； 乙图中体温计的示数是     ℃；丙图中天平读数是     g。

（2）如图所示，在研究光的反射规律实验中，平面镜M平放在平板上，E、F是两粘接起来的硬纸板，可绕垂直于镜面的接缝ON转动。

①如图甲，当E、F在同一平面上时，让入射光线AO沿纸板E射向镜面，在F上可看到反射光线，若将AO向ON靠近，则OB_______  _ON．（填“靠近”或“远离”）

②如图乙，把半面纸板F向前或向后折，则__    ___（填“能”或“不能”）看到反射光线，说明反射光线与入射光线及法线ON在______      ___。

在风险事件发生后，风险管理的首要目标是( )。

A．确定风险对策的最佳组合
B．系统全面识别风险
C．使实际损失减少到最低程度
D．保证满足质量要求

The idea of evolution was known to some of the Greek philosophers. (46) By the time of Aristotle, speculation had suggested that more perfect types had not only followed less perfect ones but actually had developed from them. But all this was guessing; no real evidence was forthcoming. When, in modern times, the idea of evolution was revived, it appeared in the writings of the philosophers—Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz and Kant. Herbert Spencer was preaching a full evolutionary doctrine in the years just before Darwin’s book was published, while most naturalists would have none of it. Nevertheless a few biologists ran counter to the prevailing view, and pointed to such facts as the essential unity of structure in all warm-blooded animals.

(47) The first complete theory was that of Lamarck, who thought that modifications due to environment, if constant and lasting, would be inherited and produce a new type. (48) Though no evidence for such inheritance was available, the theory gave a working hypothesis for naturalists to use, and many of the social and philanthropic efforts of the nineteenth century were framed on the tacit assumption that acquired improvements would be inherited.

But the man whose book gave both Darwin and Wallace the clue was the Reverend Robert Malthus, sometime curate of Albury in Surrey. The English people were increasing rapidly, and Malthus argued that the human race tends to outrun its means of subsistence unless the redundant individuals are eliminated. This may not always be true, but Darwin writes:

(49) In October 1838, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here then I had a theory by which to work.

The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation, but it led to a greater thing than itself—an acceptance of the theory of organic evolution, which the years have but confirmed. Yet at first some naturalists joined the opposition. (50) To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks. Even educated man, choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species, proclaimed with Disraeli that he was "on the side of the Angels.

(48) Though no evidence for such inheritance was available, the theory gave a working hypothesis for naturalists to use, and many of the social and philanthropic efforts of the nineteenth century were framed on the tacit assumption that acquired improvements would be inherited.