试题与答案

论述20世纪30年代中国社会关于全盘西化和“本土文化”之争。

题型:问答题

题目:

论述20世纪30年代中国社会关于全盘西化和“本土文化”之争。

答案:

参考答案:论战的两极是“中国本位文化”论与“全盘西化”论的对立。这场论战事实上进行了两个讨论:一是关于“中国本位文化”的讨论,一是关于“全盘西化”观点的讨论。 (一)双方观点 (1)“中国本位文化”论。1935年1月10日,陶希圣、萨声武等十教授,在上海《文化建设》月刊上联名发表了《中国本位的文化建设宣言》一文。这就是所谓的“十教授宣言”,或“一十宣言”。主张今后文化建设应是“不守旧、不盲从;根据中国本位,采取批评态度,应用科学方法来检讨过去、把握现在、创造将来”。同年5月,又发表《我们的总答复》,提出中国本位文化建设的基础在“此时此地的需要”,即“充实人民的生活,发展国民的生计,争取民族的生存”。其结论是“不能赞成完全模仿英美”,也反对模仿苏俄。 (2)“全盘西化”论。与“中国本位文化”论正面对立的是“全盘西化”论。“全盘西化”一词,是胡适首先使用的。主张这种观点的主要代表人物是陈序经。1934年,陈序经发表《中国文化的出路》一书,回顾六七十年来中国人对西洋文化的态度的变更,指出复古派、折衷派“各有其不足”,断言:“我们的唯一办法,是全盘接受西化”,强调要“彻底的打破中国的传统思想的垄断”,“此为救治中国目前危亡的根本”。 (二)影响 (1)在讨论中,“中国本位文化”论与“全盘西化”论两极对立的观点有互相吸收的趋向。“全盘西化”派放弃了“全盘”的提法,而“本位文化”派也不断充实对“本位”的解释,提出建立“中国本位意识”的观点。 (2)“中国本位文化”论者与“全盘西化”论者在讨论中逐步达成一种共识,即用“现代化”这个概念来取代“西化”、“本位文化”等概念。

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题型:阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The Earth is a planet and it goes around the Sun.Seven other planets also go around the Sun.None of them has an environment with air,so people and things cannot grow.The Sun and its planets are called the solar system.

The solar system is a small part of our galaxy.

     The stars we see at night are the suns in other solar systems.There are |

more than 200 billion stars in our galaxy,called the Milky Way,and our Sun is only one of them.

     But scientists have discovered many other galaxies in the universe.They are a long way away and their light has travelled for many years to reach us.It is hard to understand how large the universe is.

     Scientists have sent lots of spacecraft to look at other planets in our solar system,and some spacecraft have gong beyond the solar system.However,no one has discovered any life in space yet.

     But why has no one from other planets sent us a message?Have they tried

to send information to us?With so many stars in the universe,are we alone,or is there life out there in space?We don't know...yet.

根据学过的课文,判断正(T)误(F)

(     )1.The Sun is one of the Earth planets.

(     )2.There is more than one galaxy in our solar system.

(     )3.There are more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way.

(     )4.Scientists have found life on other planets.

( )5.They've received no messages from space.

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